考研英二—写作笔记¶

一、小作文（应用文）高频表达¶

1. 写作替换词（同义/近义表达）¶

（1）程度副词¶

• very → quite, much, particularly, exceedingly, pretty, really, greatly, a lot, to a large degree

（2）情感形容词¶

• happy → delighted, pleased, glad, excited, passionate, enthusiastic, joyful

（3）动词替换¶

（4）兴趣表达¶

• 对……感兴趣 → be keen on, be interested in, be fond of

（5）数量/程度形容词¶

（6）建议/判断¶

• 合理的 → advisable, sensible, rational
• 我认为 → I deem/think/hold/suppose/reckon that…
• 我相信 → I believe that… / I am firmly convinced that…

（7）积极评价¶

• 好的/有意义的 → fruitful, fabulous, meaningful, fantastic, colorful, wonderful

（8）感谢/感激¶

• 感谢 → be grateful, obliged, indebted, thankful to; appreciate (sb) doing / sb / sth

（9）时间/效率¶

• 立即 → at once, immediately
• 尽快 → as soon as possible, at your earliest convenience

（10）经济状况¶

• 不富裕 → I am not quite well off / not rich enough

（11）其他实用表达¶

注：考研中避免重复用词，灵活使用替换词可提升语言多样性与得分。

2. 内容关键词句（主题/场景词汇）¶

3. 连接词（逻辑衔接）¶

提示：连接词是提升文章逻辑性和连贯性的关键，建议在写作中合理分布使用。

二、大作文（图表作文）高频表达¶

1. 图表描述动词（趋势）¶

• 上升：ascend, increase, rise, growth
• 下降：descend, decrease
• 保持不变：kept, remained, maintained, stayed, stable, unchanged
• 小幅变化：slightly, steady, gradualadj, small, marginal
• 大幅变化：remarkable, sharp, striking, dramatic, obvious, evident
• 峰值：the peak, the highest point, the top, the summit
• 激增：surged
• 仅/刚刚：merely, only, just
• 很少：rarely

2. 数据与比例表达¶

• a majority of, a large proportion of, the largest proportion of
• market shares / percentages / proportion / part
• from 25% to approximately / about / nearly / almost / roughly 33%
• respectively 分别、各自
• account for / explain / responsible for
• statistics / figures / data

3. 图表引入句型¶

• Given / This / There / Provided / It presented a column / bar chart / picture / cartoon illustrating / showing / displaying / exhibiting / presenting…
• A column chart is given which clearly illustrates…
• be characterized by the fact that…

4. 因果与逻辑连接¶

• due to / because of / owing to
• accordingly / as a result / therefore / hence / thus / so

5. 主体与对象¶

• makers = producers = companies = firms = corporations
• residents / folks / people / citizens / dwellers
• youngster
• an increasing number of

6. 观点与建议¶

• I hold / suppose / contend / reckon that…
• I am convinced that = I cling to the idea that…
• it is advisable = they should
• pay more attention to / focus more on
• it is essential to…
• strategies / tactics
• consolidate 整顿、整合、巩固、加强
• the domestic / China's market
• potential
• comprehensive

7. 其他实用表达¶

• quality
• a case in point 例证
• on the one hand… on the other hand…
• for one thing… for another…
• a variety of = various = diverse = all kinds of
• express their wishes / give their blessings
• inspire my passion for 激发我对
• help me broaden my horizons
• preserve
• … and so forth
• joyful / happy
• atmosphere
• economic boom / prosperity
• purchase / buy
• utilize = use
• transportation 交通/ gathering dinner 聚餐
• form / constitute / become
• opportunities
• significance 意义
• apparently / definitely / certainly / undoubtedly
• fundamental phenomenon 基本现象
• overall 总体而言

作文30个功能句-高频功能句¶

一、小作文（应用文）高频功能句（英语一 & 二通用）¶

1. 自我介绍（写给陌生人）¶

• 句型：
  As [身份] who [进一步介绍], I...
I am [身份], who [进一步介绍].
• 中文：作为……，我…… / 我是……
• 示例：
• 英文：As a senior in this university who is particularly fond of reading in this library in my spare time, I...
  中文：作为一名业余时间非常喜欢在图书馆看书的本校大四学生，我……
• 英文：I am Li Ming, an international student from China who will study in your country.
  中文：我是来自中国的留学生李明，我将在贵国学习。

2. 寒暄（写给熟人）¶

• 句型：
  I am particularly/quite/very delighted to...
It's so great to...
• 中文：我很高兴…… / 非常高兴……
• 示例：
• 英文：I am very delighted to recall the past two months when I worked as an editor for your magazine.
  中文：我很高兴回想起在贵杂志担任编辑的这两个月。
• 英文：It's so great to recall the first successful charity sale held by our class last year.
  中文：非常高兴回想起去年我们班成功举办的首次慈善义卖活动。
• 可替换：delighted → happy
• 备注：即使写给陌生人，也可用于引出背景信息。

3. 写信/通知目的¶

• 句型：
  I am writing to... / I am writing for the purpose of...
[sth.] is/are for the purpose of...
• 中文：我写信是为了…… / ……旨在……
• 示例：
• 英文：I am writing for the purpose of making suggestions for improving the service here.
  中文：我写信来是想为改进这里（图书馆）的服务提一些建议。
• 英文：This notice is for the purpose of recruiting 25 volunteers.
  中文：本通知旨在招募25名志愿者。

4. 建议/要求¶

• 句型：
• I suggest that...
• [sb.] is/are (not) supposed to...
• It is (not) advisable (for sb.) to do sth.
• It is (not) necessary/appropriate (for sb.) to...
• 中文：我建议…… / ……（不）应该…… / （不）建议某人做某事 / （某人）做某事是（没）有必要/（不）合适的
• 示例：
• 英文：I suggest that you apply for an English teaching position in training organizations.
  中文：我建议你申请培训机构的英语教学岗位。
• 英文：You are supposed to prolong the opening hours of reading rooms where they study.
  中文：你们（图书馆）应该延长阅览室的开放时间，让他们（备考学生）在此学习。
• 英文：It is advisable to purchase more latest books.
  中文：建议购入更多最新的图书。
• 可替换：It is very necessary... → It is of vital necessity...

5. 原因（强调句）¶

• 句型：It is ... that enables/leads/causes sb. to...
• 中文：正是……使得/致使/导致某人……
• 示例：
• 英文：It is your devoted work that enables us to enjoy a positive learning atmosphere here.
  中文：正是你们尽心尽力的工作使得我们享受到了良好的学习氛围。

6. 积极意义（排比句）¶

• 句型：... will bring sb. ..., arouse one's enthusiasm/passion for ..., and help sb. ...
• 中文：……将带给某人……，唤起某人对……的热情，并帮助某人……
• 示例：
• 英文：Practice and diligence will bring you experience and inspiration, arouse your enthusiasm for study, and help you to make progress every day.
  中文：实践和勤奋将带给你经验和灵感，唤起你对学习的热情，并帮助你每天进步。

7. 表达感谢或不满¶

• 句型：
• I am quite/much grateful/obliged (to sb.) for...
• I am much/rather disappointed/angry with...
• 中文：我非常感谢…… / 我对……感到非常失望/愤怒
• 示例：
• 英文：I am much obliged for your hard work.
  中文：我想说，非常感谢你们的辛勤工作。
• 英文：I am rather disappointed with the quality of your product.
  中文：我对你们的产品质量感到非常失望。

8. 表达期待¶

• 句型：
• I am looking forward to...
• I hope to/that...
• 中文：我期待…… / 我希望……
• 示例：
• 英文：I am looking forward to your favorable reply.
  中文：我期待您的肯定答复。
• 英文：I sincerely hope that you can participate in the contest.
  中文：我真诚地希望您能参加此次比赛。

9. 个人观点¶

• 句型：I believe/deem/am convinced that...
• 中文：我相信/认为/坚信……
• 示例：
• 英文：I deem that with these measures taken, students' physical condition will be enhanced.
  中文：我认为采取了这些措施，学生的健康状况将得到提升。

10. 对比¶

• 句型：Compared with ..., ... [比较级/含比较意义的表达]...
• 中文：与……相比，……更/则……
• 示例：
• 英文：Compared with students' demand in study, the number and variety of books are not adequate.
  中文：与学生们的学习需求相比，书的数量和种类则不足。

11. 典型特征¶

• 句型：... be marked/characterized by...
• 中文：……的典型特征在于……
• 示例：
• 英文：College life can be characterized by a rich variety of activities.
  中文：大学生活的典型特征在于丰富多样的活动。

12. 事件背景¶

• 句型：
• ... is scheduled to begin/start [时间] [地点], which will last (for) [时间段].
• ... is scheduled to be held [地点].
• 中文：……定于……（时间）在……（地点）开始，将持续…… / ……将在……（地点）举办
• 示例：
• 英文：This ceremony is scheduled to begin at 9:00 am on June 26^th in the Center of Students' Activities, which will last for approximately two hours.
  中文：典礼定于6月26日上午9:00在学生活动中心开始，将持续约2小时。
• 英文：The international conference on globalization is scheduled to be held in our university.
  中文：有关全球化的国际会议将在我校举办。
• 可替换：is scheduled to... → will/is going to...

13. 值得去做（用于推荐）¶

• 句型：... is particularly worth doing
• 中文：……非常值得……
• 示例：
• 英文：This movie is particularly worth watching for two reasons.
  中文：这部电影非常值得一看，有两个原因。

14. 说明自己忙碌¶

• 句型：I was extremely/exceedingly busy during [时间段], because/since I focused all my eyesight on...
• 中文：在……（时间段）我非常忙碌，因为我把所有注意力都放在了……上
• 示例：
• 英文：As you know, during the past six months, I was exceedingly busy because I focused all my eyesight on the preparation for the national entrance exams for postgraduate studies.
  中文：您是知道的，在过去的这半年中，我非常忙碌，因为我把所有注意力放在了研究生入学考试的准备上。

二、图画作文功能句（英语一）¶

1. 概述图画¶

• 句型：This is a simple but enlightening picture which vividly illustrates a common phenomenon among...
• 中文：这是一张简单但有启发性的图画，生动展示了存在于……之中的一个普遍现象。
• 可替换：
• enlightening → inspiring, illuminating, satirical
• picture → cartoon, drawing

2. 图画细节（时间-地点-人/物-行为-伴随）¶

• 句型：
• [时间/地点], there be ... (人/物), v-ing..., with...
• [地点] verb ... (人/物), v-ing..., with...
• 中文：在……时间/地点，有……，正在……，与此同时……
• 示例：
• 英文：On the path to the top of a high mountain, there is a youngster sitting for rest and sighing, "I am too tired to climb."
  中文：在通往高山顶的路上，有一个年轻人正坐着休息，并叹气道：“累了！我不爬了。”
• 英文：Beside a table sit four youngsters, staring at their smartphones, with tasty food uneaten.
  中文：四个年轻人坐在一张餐桌旁，正盯着自己的智能手机，同时桌子上的美食却丝毫未动。

3. 对比反差¶

• 句型：Although ... (寻常情况), ... (反常之处)
• 中文：尽管……，但是……
• 示例：
• 英文：Although they gather to enhance friendship, scarcely do these guys chat with each other.
  中文：尽管他们是为了增进友谊而聚餐，但是这些人彼此间几乎没有交流。

4. 文字说明¶

• 句型：Several Chinese characters can be noticed below the picture, which say (that)...
• 中文：我们能注意到图画下面有几个汉字，写的是……
• 示例：
• 英文：Two Chinese characters can also be noticed below the picture, which say "on the journey."
  中文：我们还能注意到图画下面有两个汉字，写的是“途中”。
• 可替换：can be noticed → are given

5. 图画联系主旨¶

• 句型：The picture, apparently, can be associated with...
• 中文：显然，这幅图画能让人联想到……
• 示例：
• 英文：This drawing, apparently, can be associated with two distinct attitudes in front of adversities.
  中文：显然，这幅图画能让人联想到面对逆境时两种截然不同的态度。
• 可替换：
• apparently → naturally
• associated → connected

6. 普遍现象¶

• 句型：However/Similarly, in reality, a host of people...
• 中文：然而/同样，在现实生活里，很多人……
• 示例：
• 英文：However, in reality, a host of young people tend to give up when encountering challenges during their pursuit of success.
  中文：然而，在现实生活里，很多年轻人在追求成功的过程中，往往一遇到挑战便会放弃。

7. 典型特征¶

• 句型：... be marked/characterized by...
• 中文：……的典型/突出特征在于……
• 示例：
• 英文：Successful individuals are marked by their various excellent qualities, including diligence, optimism, confidence, a strong will, and perseverance.
  中文：成功人士的典型特征在于他们身上的各种优秀品质，包括勤奋、乐观、自信、坚强的意志力以及持之以恒的精神。
• 英文：The guy in the left photo is characterized by his face with the name "BECKHAM" on it.
  中文：左边照片中的年轻人的突出特征在于他的脸，上面写有 BECKHAM 的名字。

8. 值得关注¶

• 句型：... is particularly worth concerning (for the reason that...)
• 中文：……非常值得关注（，因为……）
• 示例：
• 英文：This phenomenon is particularly worth concerning.
  中文：这种现象非常值得关注。
• 英文：These two pictures are particularly worth concerning for the reason that they focus on how parents should educate their kids in life and study.
  中文：这两幅图很值得注意，因为它们聚焦的是父母在生活和学习方面应如何教育孩子。

9. 原因（只关心…却忽视…）¶

• 句型：... focus eyesight only on..., ignoring...
• 中文：只关心……，却忽视了……
• 示例：
• 英文：This trend is particularly worth concerning for the reason that they focus eyesight only on the virtual world, ignoring the real life.
  中文：这种趋势很值得关注，因为这些人只关心虚拟世界，却忽视了现实生活。
• 可替换：
• focus eyesight only on → concentrate only on, only emphasize, pay attention only to
• ignoring → overlooking, neglecting

10. 关键原因/重大意义（强调句）¶

• 句型：It is ... that leads/enables/causes sb. to...
• 中文：正是……导致/使得/致使某人……
• 示例：
• 英文：It is their pessimistic attitude that causes them to see no hope, no chance, or no possibility of change.
  中文：正是他们的悲观心态导致他们看不到希望，看不到机会，也看不到改变的可能。

11. 积极意义（排比句）¶

• 句型：... will bring sb. ..., arouse one's enthusiasm/passion for ..., and help sb. ...
• 中文：……带给某人……，唤起某人对……的热情，并帮助某人……
• 示例：
• 英文：I am firmly convinced that perseverance always brings me power, arouses my enthusiasm for the future, and helps me to conquer so many hardships.
  中文：我坚信持之以恒的精神总能带给我力量，唤起我对未来的热情，并帮助我克服许多困难。

12. 危害¶

• 句型：... may constitute an obstacle that hinders ... (成长、进步、发展等).
• 中文：……可能会构成一种障碍，阻碍……
• 示例：
• 英文：As a matter of fact, the thought of "giving up" may constitute an obstacle that hinders many people's growth and progress in work, life, and study.
  中文：事实上，“放弃”这种想法可能会构成一种障碍，阻碍很多人在工作、生活和学习中取得成长和进步。

13. 个人观点¶

• 句型：(As a ...) I believe/deem/am convinced that...
• 中文：（作为……）我相信/认为/坚信……
• 示例：
• 英文：As a senior who is preparing for the national entrance exams for postgraduate studies, I am firmly convinced that perseverance always brings me power, arouses my enthusiasm for the future, and helps me to conquer so many hardships.
  中文：作为一名正在准备研究生入学考试的大四学生，我坚信持之以恒的精神总能带给我力量，唤起我对未来的热情，并帮助我克服许多困难。

14. 观点 + 比喻¶

• 句型：To my understanding, ... can be likened to/seen as ...
• 中文：在我看来，……可以比作/看作……
• 示例：
• 英文：To my understanding, persistence can be likened to a road leading to success.
  中文：在我看来，坚持可以比作一条通往成功的道路。
• 英文：To my understanding, confidence can be seen as a key which unlocks the gate to a promising future.
  中文：在我看来，自信可以看作一把钥匙，打开通往光明未来的大门。

15. 建议（某人应/不应做某事）¶

• 句型：It is (not) advisable for sb. to do sth.
• 中文：某人应该/不应该做某事
• 示例：
• 英文：Accordingly, it is advisable for us to utilize modern technological products rationally.
  中文：因此，我们应该理性使用现代科技产品。
• 英文：I am convinced that it is not advisable for youngsters to be slaves of mobile phones.
  中文：我坚信年轻人不应该成为手机的奴隶。
• 可替换：
• sb. be (not) supposed to do sth.
• sb. should (not) do sth.

16. 号召¶

• 句型：
• Everyone should bear in mind that...
• Society as a whole should foster a positive atmosphere to...
• 中文：每个人都应牢记…… / 整个社会应营造一种积极的氛围，以……
• 示例：
• 英文：Thus, everyone should bear in mind that "Never give up. You will eventually achieve your dreams."
  中文：因此，每个人都应牢记“永不放弃，你的梦想终会实现”。
• 英文：Society as a whole should foster a positive atmosphere to advocate public virtues.
  中文：整个社会应营造一种积极的氛围，以倡导公共美德。

17. 举例/列举¶

• 句型：
• A case in point is...
• ..., including/such as...
• 中文：一个典型的例子就是…… / ……，包括/比如……
• 示例：
• 英文：A case in point is myself.
  中文：一个典型的例子就是我自己。
• 英文：We should utilize modern technological products rationally, including the Internet, cellphones, TV and computers.
  中文：我们应理性使用现代科技产品，包括网络、手机、电视以及电脑。

三、图表作文功能句（英语二）¶

1. 概述图表¶

• 句型：This is a column chart that clearly illustrates the dramatic changes in ... from ... to ...
• 中文：这是一个柱状图，清晰展示了……从……到……的显著变化。
• 示例：
• 英文：This is a column chart that clearly illustrates the dramatic changes in shares of domestic, American, and Japanese car brands in the Chinese market from 2008 to 2009.
  中文：这是一个柱状图，清晰展示了2008年到2009年中、美、日系汽车品牌在中国汽车市场份额的明显变化。
• 可替换：
• column chart → bar chart, pie chart, line graph, table
• dramatic changes → significant changes

2. 数据变化（上升/下降/稳定）¶

• 上升/下降：
• 英文：During the period, the share of domestic brands ascended remarkably, reaching approximately 33%. By contrast, sales of Japanese brands displayed a sharp decline, from 35% to 26%.
  中文：在此期间，中国品牌的份额明显上升，达到约33%。相比之下，日系品牌的销量呈急剧下降趋势，从35%降到26%。
• 稳定：
• 英文：Meanwhile, the percentage of American brands remained stable at 12%.
  中文：同时，美系品牌的占比稳定在12%。
• 可替换：
• ascended/descended → increased/decreased
• displayed → showed
• remained stable → maintained the same level

3. 占比排序（静态图表）¶

• 最大：
• 英文：Overall, seniors have the largest proportion of part-time job takers, at 88.24%.
  中文：总体上，大四学生兼职比例最高，达到了88.24%。
• 其次：
• 英文：The next are juniors and sophomores, with 71.93% and 71.13% respectively.
  中文：紧随其后的是大三和大二学生，分别是71.93%和71.13%。
• 最小：
• 英文：Finally come freshmen, at 67.77%.
  中文：排在最后的是大一学生，占67.77%。

4. 图表联系主旨¶

• 句型：Such statistics can be naturally associated with...
• 中文：这样的数据自然让人联想到……
• 示例：
• 英文：Such statistics can be associated with the fierce competition in China's car market.
  中文：这样的数据能让人联想到中国汽车市场的激烈竞争。

5. 引出原因¶

• 句型：But what resulted in the differences above? To my understanding, at least two reasons can account for this phenomenon.
• 中文：但什么导致了以上差异？在我看来，至少有两个原因可以解释这种现象。

6. 典型特征 + 结果（原因1）¶

• 句型：For one thing, ... be characterized by ..., which enables ... to...
• 中文：一方面，……的典型特征在于……，这使得……
• 示例：
• 英文：For one thing, in recent years, developing countries were characterized by their economic boom, which enabled residents there to possess additional money to purchase mobile phones.
  中文：一方面，近年来，发展中国家的典型特征在于其经济的蓬勃发展，这使得当地居民有额外的钱来购买手机。

7. 对比 + 结果（原因2）¶

• 句型：For another, compared with ..., ... [比较级], so...
• 中文：另一方面，与……相比，……更……，因此……
• 示例：
• 英文：For another, compared with before, the Sino-Japanese relations got worse, so a larger proportion of residents in China did not purchase Japanese products, including cars.
  中文：另一方面，与过去相比，中日关系变得更糟糕，因此更多中国居民不再购买包括汽车在内的日本产品。

8. 建议1¶

• 句型：
• It is essential/necessary for sb. to (focus more eyesight on)...
• ... is/are supposed to (pay more attention to)...
• 中文：……有必要（更关注）…… / ……应该（更加关注）……
• 示例：
• 英文：As a result, Chinese manufacturers are supposed to pay more attention to the domestic market, due to its great potential.
  中文：因此，中国汽车制造商应该更关注国内市场，因为其潜力巨大。

9. 建议2（综合策略）¶

• 句型：Meanwhile, it is essential/advisable for sb. to work out comprehensive strategies to...
• 中文：同时，某人有必要/应当制定综合策略……
• 示例：
• 英文：Meanwhile, it is essential for them to work out comprehensive strategies to enhance the quality of cars and improve after-sales service.
  中文：同时，他们有必要制定综合策略来提升汽车的质量和售后服务。

10. 积极意义（排比句）¶

• 句型：... will bring sb. ..., arouse one's enthusiasm/passion for ..., and help sb. ...
• 中文：……会带给某人……，唤起某人对……的热情，并帮助某人……
• 示例：
• 英文：Studying abroad brings young people more opportunities, arouses their enthusiasm for foreign cultures, and helps them broaden their horizons.
  中文：出国留学带给年轻人更多机会，唤起他们对外国文化的热情，并帮助他们开阔眼界。

11. 展望未来¶

• 句型：If they do their utmost, the future of ... will be hopeful/promising.
• 中文：如果他们竭尽全力，……的明天将一片光明。
• 示例：
• 英文：If they do their utmost, the future of the mobile phone industry will be hopeful.
  中文：如果他们竭尽全力，手机产业的明天将一片光明。

12. 个人观点¶

• 句型：
• (As a...) I believe/deem/am convinced that...
• (As a...,) I prefer doing/to do...
• 中文：（作为……）我相信/认为/坚信…… / （作为……，）我喜欢……
• 示例：
• 英文：As an adult student, I deem that it is necessary for us to do part-time jobs, which may bring us an opportunity to know the society, arouse our passion for life, and help ease our financial burden.
  中文：作为一个成年学生，我认为我们有必要做兼职，这会带给我们了解社会的契机，唤起我们对生活的热爱，并有助于减轻我们的经济负担。

✅ 使用建议：
- 小作文重点掌握功能句1–14；
- 图画作文重点使用功能句1–17（英语一）；
- 图表作文重点使用功能句1–12（英语二）。
- 多组合使用（如：目的 + 建议 + 期待 + 个人观点）可提升逻辑性与得分。